Causes of hypothyroidism and treatment – Comprehensive guide
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce sufficient amounts of the hormones T4 and T3, which regulate the body’s metabolism. There can be several different causes of the condition, and fortunately there are effective treatment options.
Causes of hypothyroidism
The most common causes of hypothyroidism include:
- Autoimmune diseases: Hashimoto’s disease, in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
- Iodine deficiency: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. A diet low in iodine can lead to hypothyroidism.
- Medical treatments: Treatments such as radiation therapy to the neck or surgical removal of the thyroid gland can lead to hypothyroidism.
- Medication: Certain types of medicine, such as lithium, can negatively affect thyroid function.
Behandling af lavt stofskifte
Treatment of hypothyroidism typically consists of replacing the missing hormones with synthetically produced thyroxine (T4). The aim of the treatment is to normalize hormone levels in the blood and relieve symptoms.
- Hormone replacement: The most common treatment is a daily dose of synthetic thyroxine (levothyroxine).
- Dietary supplements: In cases of iodine deficiency, iodine supplements can help restore thyroid function.
- Ongoing monitoring: It is important to have regular blood tests to ensure that the treatment is working as intended.
FAQ on causes and treatment of hypothyroidism
What are the most common causes of hypothyroidism?
The most common causes include autoimmune diseases, iodine deficiency, and side effects from medications or medical treatments.
How is hypothyroidism treated?
Hypothyroidism is typically treated with synthetic thyroxine, which replaces the missing hormones in the body.
Can hypothyroidism be prevented?
In some cases, hypothyroidism can be prevented by ensuring an adequate intake of iodine through the diet.
How often should I be monitored if I have hypothyroidism?
It is recommended to have blood tests every 6–12 months to ensure that the treatment is optimal.